Трацевский Александр
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<h1 id="Handbook">Handbook<a href="#Handbook" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h1>
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<h2 id="Thank-you-that-you-are-using-Linux-Calculate">Thank you that you are using Linux Calculate!<a href="#Thank-you-that-you-are-using-Linux-Calculate" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>We tried to collect for you the most convenient for the system, using a truly exciting opportunities which are incorporated in the package management system Portage. The system applies an administrative image, which collected the best software. Most programs have an open license, which allows to install, distribute and modify the source code.</p>
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<h2 id="Network-configuration">Network configuration<a href="#Network-configuration" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>For the network configuration to Calculate Linux Desktop is responsible Wicd Manager. The program has a graphical interface through which you can configure both wired and wireless network. When downloading Wicd tries to raise the network interface and obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. Call the program using the icon in the upper right corner of the screen. Get access to wicd possible from the console by typing:</p>
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<pre>
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wicd-curses
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</pre>
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<p>Network Configuration Calculate Directory Server and Calculate Linux Scratch is performed through a configuration file <em>/etc/conf.d/net</em>, description of settings which can be seen in the examples <em>/usr/share/doc/openrc/net.example</em>. After changing the settings, restart the network interface:</p>
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<pre>
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/etc/init.d/net.eth0 restart
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</pre>
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<h2 id="Partitioning">Partitioning<a href="#Partitioning" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>The easiest way to install the system - use the drive nutshell. If you plan to use the Calculate Linux in conjunction with other systems, you may need to split your hard drive by selecting it in place for installation.</p>
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<p>Calculate Linux is installed in one section, a minimum capacity of 6 GB for the version with KDE and not less than 3 GB for XFCE. Recommended to use the partition in 10 GB. As a rule, need to allocate a swap partition (swap) with a size roughly equal to the amount of RAM. If the swap is already selected, then create a new one is not necessary. Good to have a separate partition for personal files (/ home).</p>
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<p>In Calculate Linux Desktop for partitioning a program <em>Partitionmanager</em> (a version of KDE) or <em>Gparted</em> (a version of XFCE). To Calculate Linux Scratch and Calculate Directory Server, use console utilities <em>fdisk</em> or <em>cfdisk</em>.</p>
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<p>In order to view a list of available partitions, open a console as root user and type:</p>
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<pre>
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fdisk -l
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</pre>
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<p>If you have never used Linux, you need a little time trying to get used to the name of partition as <em>sda1, sda2,</em> ... instead of the usual <em>c:, d:</em>.</p>
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<p>You can also use already prepared to share, or create it from Windows. Try to identify it correctly in Linux, based on the sequence location and size. Typically the <em>C:</em> drive corresponds to <em>sda1</em>, the <em>D:</em> drive, respectively <em>sda2</em>.</p>
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<h2 id="Installation">Installation<a href="#Installation" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>During the installation of the system meets the program <em>Calculate</em>. If you do not <em>calculate</em> the parameters, the program will ask you to specify the partition on which to install the system. <em>Calculate</em> can perform a partition of the disk only if you are willing to allocate the entire hard disk for the system.</p>
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<p>To install a second hard disk partition, you can simply do:</p>
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<pre>
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calculate -d /dev/sda2
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</pre>
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<p>To install the hard drive and removing the old data:</p>
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<pre>
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calculate -d /dev/sda
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</pre>
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<p>Program expands stage4 system image and adjusts through the template files. Essentially it is the same configuration files that contain program variables. Calculate determines the type of equipment and machinery fills these variable values. You can view a list of variables following the "calculate -v". The values of variables that can change noted in the list of flag [w], variables are read-only labeled [r]. To change the values of variables, use the option --set-variable-name.</p>
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<p><strong>List of most frequently used options installed</strong></p>
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<p>--disk=/dev/sda2 - partition to install (default will be offered part sda2);<br />--set-format = reiserfs (ext4, ext3, ext2, xfs, jfs) - format file system;<br />--set-composite = on (off) - the inclusion of a composite mode;<br />--set-type = hdd (flash, usb-hdd) - media type, set in the case of incorrect identification.</p>
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<p><strong>Other options</strong></p>
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<p>--set-hostname = linux - computer's network name, the default 'calculate';<br />--set-video_resolution = 1280x1024 (1024x768, 1152x864, 1280x800, etc.) - the screen resolution, if you use the screen resolution misidentified;<br />--set-mbr = off - do not modify the MBR during installation;<br />--set-erase = off - do not format the partition before installing;<br />--set-march = i686 (x86_64) - set the distribution for 32 or 64-bit processor architecture, is not true for CD installation disk.</p>
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<h2 id="Installing-on-USB-Flash">Installing on USB-Flash<a href="#Installing-on-USB-Flash" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>When installing the system, you can specify the device USB-Flash and the system will be installed on your stick. Example:</p>
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<pre>
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calculate -d /dev/sdb
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</pre><br /><em><br />Note that when you install quests, conundrums will be formatted to the file system FAT32. Before installing the need to save all your data.</em>
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<p>In this example, quests, conundrums listed as disk sdb. To know that there is a hard drive, run the command <em>fdisk -l</em> to see all the available devices and partitions.</p>
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<p>If your quests, conundrums defined as ssd drive, you can add an option "--set-type=flash" - change the type of media to Flash</p>
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<h2 id="The-first-launch">The first launch<a href="#The-first-launch" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>After installing the CLD, CLDX and CLSG in the system are two users: <em>root</em> and <em>guest</em>. Access to the graphical session can get the user guest. Use the username guest with password guest to login.</p>
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<p>In CLS default no graphical invitation to enter the password. After installation you can log in as root, run the graphical session tvm can use the command <em>startx</em>.</p>
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<p>For <em>root</em> user, use the command "su". Create users described in detail on the project site.</p>
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<p>By default, you can log into the system remotely using ssh only by root. You can add a space to other users or to replace the root user edit the options AllowUsers file <em>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</em>.</p>
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<h2 id="Update">Update<a href="#Update" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>You can update the system virtually unlimited number of times, using Portage manager install programs <em>emerge</em>. First update Portage and <em>Calculate overlay</em> by running:</p>
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<pre>
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eix-sync
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</pre>
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<p>After that, you can upgrade existing or install new versions of programs, using the program emerge.</p>
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<p>New versions Calculate Linux come with an interval of 2-3 months. If you used the disk to install a nutshell, or have a second partition free for at least 6 GB, you can download an ISO file system in directory <em>/usr/calculate/share/linux</em> and run update:</p>
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<pre>
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calculate -d /dev/sdaX
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</pre>
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<p>Where instead <em>sdaX</em> free substitute for the installation partition.</p>
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<p>Most of the configuration of the current system, such as user accounts, network settings, mount point, the screen resolution and others will be transferred to the new system.</p>
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<h2 id="Help">Help<a href="#Help" class="wiki-anchor">¶</a></h2>
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<p>If you are installing has caused difficulties, or you want to share their impressions, visit the IRC channel <em>#calculate</em> (server FreeNode) user community Calculate Linux. It's enough to use Xchat icon on your desktop.</p>
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<p>Website: <a class="external" href="http://www.calculate-linux.org">http://www.calculate-linux.org</a><br />Newsletter: <a class="external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/calculatelinux">http://groups.google.com/group/calculatelinux</a><br />IRC chat: <a class="external" href="http://www.calculate-linux.org/irc">http://www.calculate-linux.org/irc</a></p>
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<p><em>Enjoy!</em><br /><em>Team Calculate Linux.</em></p>
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<title>Handbook - Calculate Linux | Gentoo-based distribution and livecd</title>
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Handbook</h1>
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<h3 id="siteSub">From Calculate Linux | Gentoo-based distribution and livecd</h3>
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<div id="jump-to-nav">Jump to: <a href="#column-one">navigation</a>, <a href="#searchInput">search</a></div> <!-- start content -->
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<table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Contents"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Thanks_for_use_Calculate_Linux.21"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Thanks for use Calculate Linux!</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Network_Configuration"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Network Configuration</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Partitioning_a_disk"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Partitioning a disk</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Installation"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Installation</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_installation_on_the_Flash-drive"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">The installation on the Flash-drive</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#The_first_run"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">The first run</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Update"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Update</span></a></li>
|
||||
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Help"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Help</span></a></li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
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</td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } </script>
|
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<a name="Thanks_for_use_Calculate_Linux.21" id="Thanks_for_use_Calculate_Linux.21"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Thanks for use Calculate Linux!</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>Hello user,
|
||||
We have tried to collect the most convenient system for your work, using the most exciting opportunities which are in the Portage package management system of project Gentoo Linux. The system is distributed by an installation which includes the best software packages. Most programs are free software, allowing to install, distibute and modify an initial code.
|
||||
</p><p>Aspire to be compatible to the original Gentoo, Calculate Linux offers the series of decisions which help to get a working system, making a minimum efforts from your side:
|
||||
</p><p>Calculate Linux is based on a system management utility - Calculate. With this program you can install the system, but else modify the liveCD by changing the software composition or build your own Linux from scratch. For system building uses the package manager Portage. Calculate helps you install system and make settings.
|
||||
</p><p>All support softwares install from <i>Calculate Overlay</i>. Connecting the overlay, you can use all the experience of Calculate Linux.
|
||||
</p><p>Desktop version of the system has a unique design, the most easy work with system. Server - server management utilities that integrate with LDAP services such as Samba, Mail, FTP, Jabber and Proxy via the UNIX-like commands: cl-useradd, cl-userdel, cl-usermod, cl-passwd etc.
|
||||
</p><p>By changing your Windows server to Calculate Directory Server, and you can perform a gradual transfer of jobs to Calculate Linux Desktop. Set up an account on the server, a Linux user can get access to shared files Windows users, using a single account, and carry profile settings of Linux desktop.
|
||||
</p><p>The monthly cycle of new system version release, simplicity of update, easy administration - these are just some advantages of system based on Gentoo.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a name="Network_Configuration" id="Network_Configuration"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Network Configuration</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>For the network configuration in Calculate Linux Desktop we have - Wicd Manager. The program has a graphical interface through which you can set up both wired and wireless network. Wicd tries to raise the network interface and obtain an IP address from a DHCP server during download. You can run the program using the icon in the right top corner of the screen. You can get access to wicd from the console, having typed wicd-curses.
|
||||
The network configuration in the Calculate Directory Server and Calculate Linux Scratch makes through the configuration file /etc/conf.d/net. You can see the settings description for this file in the following examples - /usr/share/doc/openrc/net.example.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a name="Partitioning_a_disk" id="Partitioning_a_disk"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Partitioning a disk</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>The easiest way to install the system is using the autopartition function. If you plan to use the Calculate Linux together with another systems, may be you will need to divide your hard disk and allocate there the place for installation
|
||||
</p><p>Calculate Linux can be installed in one section, with capacity more than 6 GB for KDE version and not less than 3 Gb for XFCE. As a rule, you need to make a swap partition with capacity
|
||||
approximately equal to the amount of RAM will be optimum. If you are already having a swap, you need not create again. Good to have a separate partition for personal files (home).
|
||||
</p><p>To view a list of available sections, open the console/terminal as root user and type:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>fdisk -l
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>If you've never used Linux before, you will need some time to get used to the name of sections in the form of sda1, sda2,... instead of the usual C:, D:. but you will learn these things pretty fast.
|
||||
</p><p>If you have no experience with the program fdisk or cfdisk, try to use already prepared section, which you can create from Windows. Try to identify it correctly, based on its sequence,location and size. Typically drive D: corresponds to sda2, drive C: respectively sda3.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a name="Installation" id="Installation"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Installation</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>The programm <i>Calculate</i> is responsible for system installation. If you try installing "Calculate" without passing parameters, the program will ask you to specify the partition for installation of system. Calculate can make a disk partition, only if you are willing to allocate the entire hard drive for the system. Otherwise, you should either use the fdisk or cfdisk for partitioning a drive at its own discretion. To install the system it is desirable to use 10 GB of disk space, but really the requests can be less.
|
||||
</p><p>Please note that if you are going to install Calculate Linux in Virtual Box, it would need to point about 1 GB of RAM, otherwise the installation may hang suspending the virtual machine. But this in no way have a relation to the memory requirements to install it on real hardware. For Real installation you wont need that much resource.
|
||||
</p><p>So, to install in to second section of hard disk, you can simply do:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>calculate -d /dev/sda2
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>( the number that comes after 'sda' shows the number of the partition. you may change it to sda1 or sda3 according to your convenience. Usually, after executing 'calculate -d /dev/sda2', Calculate is installed and don't need any user interference. but if you wish to set parameters manually, details are given below )
|
||||
</p><p>by the end of execution of <b>calculate -d /dev/sda2</b>, you will be asked to register a password. that is your root password. dont forget and pick a nice password. you will be needing it to the end.
|
||||
</p><p>for installation on the hard disk and removing the old data:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>calculate -d /dev/sda
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>The program develops the <i>stage4</i> system image and implements a system configuration files via the profile settings. In fact they are the same configuration files containing variable programs. Calculate identifies the type of equipment and fills these variables by values. You can view a list of variables make "calculate -v". The values of variables that you can change are marked in the list of flag [w], variables are read-only labeled [r]. To change the values of variables, use the option --set-variable_name.
|
||||
</p><p><b>List of most frequently used options, the installation</b>
|
||||
<br />--set-format=reiserfs (ext4, ext3, ext2, jfs, xfs) - format of the file system;
|
||||
<br />--set-hostname=linux - the network computer name (the default is 'calculate');
|
||||
<br />--set-mbr=off - do not modify the MBR during the installation (set to 'off', if you want to use your loader);
|
||||
<br />--set-composite=on|off - the inclusion of a composite mode (the desktop effects).
|
||||
</p><p><b>More options</b>
|
||||
<br />--set-video_resolution=1280x1024 (1024x768, 1152x864, 1280x800 и т.д.) - the screen resolution (true if the current screen resolution you are not satisfied);
|
||||
<br />--set-erase=off - does not comply with the formatting of this section before you install (use if unsure).
|
||||
<br />--set-march=i686 (x86_64) - set the distribution to 32 or 64-bit processor architecture (true, if you're upgrading a system from the hard disk);
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a name="The_installation_on_the_Flash-drive" id="The_installation_on_the_Flash-drive"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline"> The installation on the Flash-drive</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>At installation of system you can specify device USB-Flash and system will be established on yours Flash-drive. An example:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>calculate-d/dev/sdb
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>Pay attention, the flash-drive it will be formatted in file system FAT32 during the installation. Before installation necessarily keep all data.
|
||||
In the next example the flash-drive is specified as a disk sdb. Whether to learn that it is a disk, will execute a command fdisk-l to look all accessible devices and sections.
|
||||
If your flash-drive was defined as ssd disk, you can add parametre:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>- set-type=flash - to change carrier type on the Flash
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<a name="The_first_run" id="The_first_run"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">The first run</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>After installation, you will have two users in the system: root and guest. Access to graphic conversation can get only the user guest. Use the username 'guest' with password 'guest' to login.
|
||||
</p><p>Username = guest
|
||||
Password = guest
|
||||
</p><p>you can change the password after logging-in. use the command 'passwd' in terminal to do that.
|
||||
</p><p>For user 'root', use the command "su". The users creation describes in detail on projects site.
|
||||
</p><p>Once you type 'su' in terminal window, you will be asked for password. enter the password that you have registered by the end of installation procedure. that is, by the end of execution of <b>calculate -d /dev/sda2</b>, you will be asked to register a password. that is your root password.
|
||||
</p><p>To create additional user than 'guest' and 'root',
|
||||
type the following command in terminal as 'root' (type 'su' and your root password to be root)
|
||||
</p><p><i><b>/usr/sbin/useradd --groups wheel,audio,cdrom,video,cdrw,usb,plugdev,games login</b></i>
|
||||
</p><p>('login' at the end of command is for example only. you can enter your name or any word you wish in place of 'login' in that command and that will be the user name)
|
||||
</p><p>following that type
|
||||
</p><p><i><b>/bin/passwd login</b></i>
|
||||
</p><p>(here substitute 'login' with the password you want to set. re-enter to finish)
|
||||
</p><p>now you can login using the newly created user name and password.
|
||||
</p><p>In default you can enter to the system distantly, using <i>ssh</i> only by root-user. Also, you can add another users through the gap or change the root-user by correcting the <i>AllowUsers</i> parameter for /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a name="Update" id="Update"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Update</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>You can update the system virtually unlimited times, using Portage Manager installation programs emerge. To start the update Portage and Calculate Overlay run:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>eix-sync
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>If you use the Calculate Linux Desktop XFCE, with the first update Portage, make:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>emerge-webrsync
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>After that, you can upgrade existing or install new versions of programs, using emerge.
|
||||
</p><p>Every month Calculate Linux Desktop is updated. If you've used the autopartition drive function during the installation or you have a free second section more than 6 GB, you can download the ISO file system into the directory <font color="green">/usr/calculate/share/linux</font> and upgrade:
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<pre>calculate -d /dev/sdaX
|
||||
</pre>
|
||||
<p>here instead sdaX use the free partition for install.
|
||||
</p><p>Most of the current system settings like users accounts, network settings, mounting points, screen resolution and etc. will be carried over in the new system.
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<a name="Help" id="Help"></a><h2> <span class="mw-headline">Help</span></h2>
|
||||
<p>If you are installing the system and having doubts or other technical difficulties, or you want to share your experience, come to the IRC channel #calculate @freenode.net Calculate Linux community.
|
||||
</p><p>Just click on 'Xchat' icon on your desktop from your Live CD/DVD and you will reach on '#calculate' channel and you will definitely get help from us.
|
||||
</p><p><br />
|
||||
Feel free to contact us.
|
||||
</p><p>Project site <a href="http://www.calculate-linux.org" class="external free" title="http://www.calculate-linux.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.calculate-linux.org</a>
|
||||
<br />Forum: <a href="http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/calculate-89/" class="external free" title="http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/calculate-89/" rel="nofollow">http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/calculate-89/</a>
|
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<br />Dispatch: <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/calculatelinux-en" class="external free" title="http://groups.google.com/group/calculatelinux-en" rel="nofollow">http://groups.google.com/group/calculatelinux-en</a>
|
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<br />IRC chat: <a href="http://irc.calculate-linux.ru" class="external free" title="http://irc.calculate-linux.ru" rel="nofollow">http://irc.calculate-linux.ru</a>
|
||||
</p><p><br />
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<hr />
|
||||
<p><i>Good Luck!</i>
|
||||
<br /><i>Calculate Linux team.</i>
|
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