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389 lines
13 KiB
389 lines
13 KiB
.\" generated by script on Mon Oct 21 08:29:21 2013
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.Dd Oct 21, 2013
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.Dt TAR 1
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm tar
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.Nd The GNU version of the tar archiving utility
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm tar
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.Oo Fl Oc Cm A Fl \-catenate \-concatenate Cm \||\| c Fl \-create Cm \||\| d Fl \-diff \-compare Cm \||\| Fl \-delete Cm \||\| r Fl \-append Cm \||\| t Fl \-list Cm \||\| Fl \-test\-label Cm \||\| u Fl \-update Cm \||\| x Fl \-extract \-get
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.Op Ar options
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.Op Ar pathname ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Tar
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stores and extracts files from a tape or disk archive.
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.Pp
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The first argument to
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tar
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should be a function; either one of the letters
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.Cm Acdrtux ,
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or one of the long function names.
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A function letter need not be prefixed with ``\-'', and may be combined
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with other single-letter options.
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A long function name must be prefixed with
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.Cm \\-\\- .
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Some options take a parameter; with the single-letter form
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these must be given as separate arguments.
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With the long form, they may be given by appending
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.Cm = Ns Ar value
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to the option.
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.Sh FUNCTION LETTERS
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Main operation mode:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl A , Fl \-catenate , Fl \-concatenate
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append tar files to an archive
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.It Fl c , Fl \-create
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create a new archive
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.It Fl d , Fl \-diff , Fl \-compare
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find differences between archive and file system
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.It Fl \-delete
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delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
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.It Fl r , Fl \-append
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append files to the end of an archive
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.It Fl t , Fl \-list
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list the contents of an archive
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.It Fl \-test\-label
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test the archive volume label and exit
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.It Fl u , Fl \-update
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only append files newer than copy in archive
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.It Fl x , Fl \-extract , Fl \-get
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extract files from an archive
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.El
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.Sh OTHER OPTIONS
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Operation modifiers:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It \-[0\-7][lmh]
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specify drive and density
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.It Fl a , Fl \-auto\-compress
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use archive suffix to determine the compression program
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.It Fl \-acls
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Enable the POSIX ACLs support
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.It Fl \-no\-acls
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Disable the POSIX ACLs support
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.It Fl \-add\-file Ns \= Ns Ar FILE
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add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash)
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.It Fl \-anchored
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patterns match file name start
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.It Fl \-no\-anchored
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patterns match after any '/' (default for exclusion)
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.It Fl \-atime\-preserve
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preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times
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.It Fl \-no\-auto\-compress
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do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program
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.It Fl b , Fl \-blocking\-factor Ar BLOCKS
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BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
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.It Fl B , Fl \-read\-full\-records
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reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
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.It Fl \-backup
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backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
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.It Fl C , Fl \-directory Ar DIR
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change to directory DIR
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.It Fl \-check\-device
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check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)
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.It Fl \-no\-check\-device
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do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives
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.It Fl \-checkpoint
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display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10)
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.It Fl \-checkpoint\-action Ns \= Ns Ar ACTION
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execute ACTION on each checkpoint
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.It Fl \-delay\-directory\-restore
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delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted
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.It Fl \-no\-delay\-directory\-restore
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cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option
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.It Fl \-exclude Ns \= Ns Ar PATTERN
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exclude files, given as a PATTERN
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.It Fl \-exclude\-backups
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exclude backup and lock files
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.It Fl \-exclude\-caches
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exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG,
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.It Fl \-exclude\-caches\-all
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exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
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.It Fl \-exclude\-caches\-under
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exclude everything under directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
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.It Fl \-exclude\-tag Ns \= Ns Ar FILE
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exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except
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.It Fl \-exclude\-tag\-all Ns \= Ns Ar FILE
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exclude directories containing FILE
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.It Fl \-exclude\-tag\-under Ns \= Ns Ar FILE
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exclude everything under directories containing FILE
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.It Fl \-exclude\-vcs
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exclude version control system directories
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.It Fl f , Fl \-file Ar ARCHIVE
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use archive file or device ARCHIVE
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.It Fl F , Fl \-info\-script , Fl \-new\-volume\-script Ar NAME
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run script at end of each tape (implies -M)
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.It Fl \-force\-local
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archive file is local even if it has a colon
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.It Fl \-full\-time
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print file time to its full resolution
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.It Fl g , Fl \-listed\-incremental Ar FILE
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handle new GNU-format incremental backup
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.It Fl G , Fl \-incremental
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handle old GNU-format incremental backup
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.It Fl \-group Ns \= Ns Ar NAME
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force NAME as group for added files
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.It Fl h , Fl \-dereference
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follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to
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.It Fl H , Fl \-format Ar FORMAT
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create archive of the given formatFORMAT is one of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl \-format=gnu
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GNU tar 1.13.x format
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.It Fl \-format=oldgnu
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GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
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.It Fl \-format=pax
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POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
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.It Fl \-format=posix
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same as pax
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.It Fl \-format=ustar
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POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
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.It Fl \-format=v7
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old V7 tar format
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.El
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.It Fl \-hard\-dereference
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follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to
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.It Fl i , Fl \-ignore\-zeros
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ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
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.It Fl I , Fl \-use\-compress\-program Ar PROG
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filter through PROG (must accept -d)
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.It Fl \-ignore\-case
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ignore case
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.It Fl \-no\-ignore\-case
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case sensitive matching (default)
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.It Fl \-ignore\-command\-error
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ignore exit codes of children
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.It Fl \-no\-ignore\-command\-error
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treat non-zero exit codes of children as error
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.It Fl \-ignore\-failed\-read
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do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
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.It Fl \-index\-file Ns \= Ns Ar FILE
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send verbose output to FILE
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.It Fl j , Fl \-bzip2
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.It Fl J , Fl \-xz
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.It Fl k , Fl \-keep\-old\-files
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don't replace existing files when extracting,
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.It Fl K , Fl \-starting\-file Ar MEMBER-NAME
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begin at member MEMBER-NAME when reading the archive
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.It Fl \-keep\-directory\-symlink
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preserve existing symlinks to directories when extracting
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.It Fl \-keep\-newer\-files
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don't replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies
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.It Fl l , Fl \-check\-links
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print a message if not all links are dumped
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.It Fl L , Fl \-tape\-length Ar NUMBER
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change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
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.It Fl \-level Ns \= Ns Ar NUMBER
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dump level for created listed-incremental archive
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.It Fl \-lzip
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.It Fl \-lzma
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.It Fl \-lzop
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.It Fl m , Fl \-touch
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don't extract file modified time
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.It Fl M , Fl \-multi\-volume
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create/list/extract multi-volume archive
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.It Fl \-mode Ns \= Ns Ar CHANGES
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force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
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.It Fl \-mtime Ns \= Ns Ar DATE-OR-FILE
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set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
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.It Fl n , Fl \-seek
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archive is seekable
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.It Fl N , Fl \-newer , Fl \-after\-date Ar DATE-OR-FILE
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only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
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.It Fl \-newer\-mtime Ns \= Ns Ar DATE
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compare date and time when data changed only
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.It Fl \-null
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-T reads null-terminated names, disable -C
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.It Fl \-no\-null
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disable the effect of the previous --null option
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.It Fl \-numeric\-owner
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always use numbers for user/group names
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.It Fl O , Fl \-to\-stdout
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extract files to standard output
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.It Fl \-occurrence
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process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive;
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.It Fl \-old\-archive , Fl \-portability
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same as --format=v7
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.It Fl \-one\-file\-system
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stay in local file system when creating archive
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.It Fl \-overwrite
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overwrite existing files when extracting
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.It Fl \-overwrite\-dir
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overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)
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.It Fl \-no\-overwrite\-dir
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preserve metadata of existing directories
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.It Fl \-owner Ns \= Ns Ar NAME
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force NAME as owner for added files
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.It Fl p , Fl \-preserve\-permissions , Fl \-same\-permissions
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extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)
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.It Fl P , Fl \-absolute\-names
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don't strip leading '/'s from file names
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.It Fl \-pax\-option Ns \= Ns Ar keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
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control pax keywords
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.It Fl \-posix
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same as --format=posix
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.It Fl \-preserve
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same as both -p and -s
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.It Fl \-quote\-chars Ns \= Ns Ar STRING
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additionally quote characters from STRING
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.It Fl \-no\-quote\-chars Ns \= Ns Ar STRING
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disable quoting for characters from STRING
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.It Fl \-quoting\-style Ns \= Ns Ar STYLE
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set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values
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.It Fl R , Fl \-block\-number
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show block number within archive with each message
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.It Fl \-record\-size Ns \= Ns Ar NUMBER
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NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
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.It Fl \-recursion
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recurse into directories (default)
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.It Fl \-no\-recursion
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avoid descending automatically in directories
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.It Fl \-recursive\-unlink
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empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
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.It Fl \-remove\-files
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remove files after adding them to the archive
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.It Fl \-restrict
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disable use of some potentially harmful options
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.It Fl \-rmt\-command Ns \= Ns Ar COMMAND
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use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
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.It Fl \-rsh\-command Ns \= Ns Ar COMMAND
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use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
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.It Fl s , Fl \-preserve\-order , Fl \-same\-order
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member arguments are listed in the same order as the
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.It Fl S , Fl \-sparse
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handle sparse files efficiently
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.It Fl \-same\-owner
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try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser)
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.It Fl \-no\-same\-owner
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extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users)
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.It Fl \-no\-same\-permissions
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apply the user's umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users)
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.It Fl \-no\-seek
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archive is not seekable
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.It Fl \-selinux
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Enable the SELinux context support
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.It Fl \-no\-selinux
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Disable the SELinux context support
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.It Fl \-show\-defaults
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show tar defaults
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.It Fl \-show\-omitted\-dirs
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when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria
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.It Fl \-show\-snapshot\-field\-ranges
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show valid ranges for snapshot-file fields
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.It Fl \-show\-transformed\-names , Fl \-show\-stored\-names
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show file or archive names after transformation
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.It Fl \-skip\-old\-files
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don't replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them
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.It Fl \-sparse\-version Ns \= Ns Ar MAJOR[.MINOR]
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set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse)
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.It Fl \-strip\-components Ns \= Ns Ar NUMBER
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strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction
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.It Fl \-suffix Ns \= Ns Ar STRING
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backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~' unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
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.It Fl T , Fl \-files\-from Ar FILE
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get names to extract or create from FILE
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.It Fl \-to\-command Ns \= Ns Ar COMMAND
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pipe extracted files to another program
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.It Fl \-totals
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print total bytes after processing the archive;
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.It Fl \-transform , Fl \-xform Ar EXPRESSION
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use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names
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.It Fl U , Fl \-unlink\-first
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remove each file prior to extracting over it
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.It Fl \-unquote
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unquote filenames read with -T (default)
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.It Fl \-no\-unquote
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do not unquote filenames read with -T
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.It Fl \-utc
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print file modification times in UTC
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.It Fl v , Fl \-verbose
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verbosely list files processed
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.It Fl V , Fl \-label Ar TEXT
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create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name
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.It Fl \-volno\-file Ns \= Ns Ar FILE
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use/update the volume number in FILE
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.It Fl w , Fl \-interactive , Fl \-confirmation
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ask for confirmation for every action
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.It Fl W , Fl \-verify
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attempt to verify the archive after writing it
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.It Fl \-warning Ns \= Ns Ar KEYWORD
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warning control
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.It Fl \-wildcards
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use wildcards (default for exclusion)
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.It Fl \-wildcards\-match\-slash
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wildcards match '/' (default for exclusion)
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.It Fl \-no\-wildcards\-match\-slash
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wildcards do not match '/'
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.It Fl \-no\-wildcards
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verbatim string matching
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.It Fl X , Fl \-exclude\-from Ar FILE
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exclude patterns listed in FILE
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.It Fl \-xattrs
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Enable extended attributes support
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.It Fl \-xattrs\-exclude Ns \= Ns Ar MASK
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specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys
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.It Fl \-xattrs\-include Ns \= Ns Ar MASK
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specify the include pattern for xattr keys
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.It Fl \-no\-xattrs
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Disable extended attributes support
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.It Fl z , Fl \-gzip , Fl \-gunzip Fl \-ungzip
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.It Fl Z , Fl \-compress , Fl \-uncompress
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The behavior of tar is controlled by the following environment variables,
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among others:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ev SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
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Backup prefix to use when extracting, if
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.Fl \-suffix
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is not specified.
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The backup suffix defaults to `~' if neither is specified.
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.It Ev TAR_OPTIONS
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Options to prepend to those specified on the command line, separated by
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whitespace. Embedded backslashes may be used to escape whitespace or
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backslashes within an option.
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.It Ev TAPE
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Device or file to use for the archive if
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.Fl \-file
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is not specified.
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If this environment variable is unset, use stdin or stdout instead.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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tar \-cf archive.tar foo bar
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.Ed
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List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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tar \-tvf archive.tar
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.Ed
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Extract all files from archive.tar.
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.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
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tar \-xf archive.tar
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.Ed
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.\" libarchive
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.Xr tar 5 ,
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.\" man-pages
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.Xr symlink 7 ,
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.Xr rmt 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm tar
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command appeared in
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.At v7 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages, and create info documents instead.
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Unfortunately, the info document describing tar is licensed under the GFDL with
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invariant cover texts, which makes it impossible to include any text
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from that document in this man page.
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Most of the text in this document was automatically extracted from the usage
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text in the source.
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It may not completely describe all features of the program.
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