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814 lines
16 KiB
814 lines
16 KiB
.TH TAR 1 "Mar 2010" "GNU" "tar"
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.SH NAME
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tar \- The GNU version of the tape archiver (tar) utility
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B tar
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.I <operation> [options]
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.I Operations:
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.nf
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.B [-]A --catenate --concatenate
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.B [-]c --create
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.B [-]d --diff --compare
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.B [-]r --append
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.B [-]t --list
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.B [-]u --update
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.B [-]x --extract --get
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.B --delete
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.fi
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.I Common Options:
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.nf
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.BR -C ", " --directory " DIR"
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.BR -f ", " --file " FILE"
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.BR -j ", " --bzip2
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.BR -J ", " --xz
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.BR -p ", " --preserve-permissions
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.BR -v ", " --verbose
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.BR -z ", " --gzip
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.fi
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.I All Options:
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.br
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[
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.BR -a ", " --auto-compress
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]
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[
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.BR --add-file " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR --anchored
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]
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[
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.BR --atime-preserve
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]
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[
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.BR -b ", " --blocking-factor " N"
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]
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[
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.BR -B ", " --read-full-records
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]
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[
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.BR --backup " BACKUP-TYPE"
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]
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[
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.BR --block-compress
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]
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[
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.BR -C ", " --directory " DIR"
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]
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[
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.BR --checkpoint
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]
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[
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.BR --delay-directory-restore
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude " PATTERN"
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude-caches
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude-caches-all
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude-caches-under
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude-tag " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude-tag-all " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR --exclude-tag-under " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR -f ", " --file " [HOSTNAME:]FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR -F ", " --info-script " FILE, " --new-volume-script " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR --force-local
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]
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[
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.BR --format " FORMAT"
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]
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[
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.BR -g ", " --listed-incremental " SNAPSHOT"
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]
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[
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.BR -G ", " --incremental
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]
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[
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.BR --group " GROUP"
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]
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[
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.BR -h ", " --dereference
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]
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[
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.BR --help
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]
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[
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.BR -i ", " --ignore-zeros
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]
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[
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.BR -I ", " --use-compress-program " PROG"
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]
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[
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.BR --ignore-case
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]
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[
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.BR --ignore-command-error
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]
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[
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.BR --ignore-failed-read
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]
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[
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.BR --index-file " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR -j ", " --bzip2
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]
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[
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.BR -J ", " --xz
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]
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[
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.BR -k ", " --keep-old-files
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]
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[
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.BR -K ", " --starting-file " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR --keep-newer-files
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]
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[
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.BR -l ", " --check-links
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]
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[
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.BR -L ", " --tape-length " N"
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]
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[
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.BR --lzip
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]
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[
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.BR --lzma
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]
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[
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.BR --lzop
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]
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[
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.BR -m ", " --touch ", " --modification-time
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]
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[
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.BR -M ", " --multi-volume
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]
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[
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.BR --mode " PERMISSIONS"
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]
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[
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.BR --mtime " DATE"
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]
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[
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.BR -N ", " --after-date " DATE, " --newer " DATE"
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]
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[
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.BR --newer-mtime " DATE"
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]
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[
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.BR --no-anchored
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]
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[
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.BR --no-auto-compress
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]
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[
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.BR --no-delay-directory-restore
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]
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[
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.BR --no-ignore-case
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]
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[
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.BR --no-ignore-command-error
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]
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[
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.BR --no-overwrite-dir
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]
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[
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.BR --no-quote-chars
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]
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[
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.BR --no-recursion
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]
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[
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.BR --no-same-permissions
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]
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[
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.BR --no-unquote
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]
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[
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.BR --no-wildcards
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]
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[
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.BR --no-wildcards-match-slash
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]
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[
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.BR --null
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]
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[
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.BR --numeric-owner
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]
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[
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.BR -o ", " --old-archive ", " --portability ", " --no-same-owner
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]
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[
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.BR -O ", " --to-stdout
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]
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[
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.BR --occurrence " NUM"
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]
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[
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.BR --one-file-system
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]
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[
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.BR --overwrite
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]
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[
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.BR --overwrite-dir
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]
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[
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.BR --owner " USER"
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]
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[
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.BR -p ", " --same-permissions ", " --preserve-permissions
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]
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[
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.BR -P ", " --absolute-names
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]
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[
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.BR --pax-option " KEYWORD-LIST"
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]
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[
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.BR --posix
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]
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[
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.BR --preserve
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]
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[
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.BR --quote-chars " STRING"
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]
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[
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.BR --quote-style " STYLE"
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]
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[
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.BR -R ", " --block-number
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]
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[
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.BR --record-size " SIZE"
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]
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[
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.BR --recursion
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]
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[
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.BR --recursive-unlink
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]
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[
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.BR --remove-files
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]
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[
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.BR --restrict
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]
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[
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.BR --rmt-command " CMD"
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]
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[
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.BR --rsh-command " CMD"
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]
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[
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.BR -s ", " --same-order ", " --preserve-order
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]
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[
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.BR -S ", " --sparse
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]
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[
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.BR --same-owner
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]
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[
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.BR --show-defaults
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]
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[
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.BR --show-omitted-dirs
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]
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[
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.BR --show-transformed-names ", " --show-stored-names
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]
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[
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.BR --strip-components " NUMBER"
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]
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[
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.BR --suffix " SUFFIX"
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]
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[
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.BR -T ", " --files-from " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR --test-label
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]
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[
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.BR --to-command " COMMAND"
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]
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[
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.BR --transform " EXPRESSION"
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]
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[
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.BR --totals
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]
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[
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.BR -U ", " --unlink-first
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]
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[
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.BR --unquote
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]
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[
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.BR --utc
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]
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[
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.BR -v ", " --verbose
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]
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[
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.BR -V ", " --label " NAME"
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]
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[
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.BR --version
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]
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[
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.BR --volno-file " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR -w ", " --interactive ", " --confirmation
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]
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[
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.BR -W ", " --verify
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]
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[
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.BR --wildcards
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]
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[
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.BR --wildcards-match-slash
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]
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[
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.BR -X ", " --exclude-from " FILE"
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]
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[
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.BR -z ", " --gzip ", " --gunzip ", " --ungzip
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]
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[
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.BR -Z ", " --compress ", " --uncompress
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]
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[
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.BR -[0-7][lmh]
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]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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This manual page documents the GNU version of \fBtar\fR, an archiving
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program designed to store and extract files from an archive file known
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as a \fItarfile\fR. A \fItarfile\fR may be made on a tape drive,
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however, it is also common to write a \fItarfile\fR to a normal file.
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The first argument to \fBtar\fR must be one of the options \fBAcdrtux\fR,
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followed by any optional functions. The final arguments to \fBtar\fR
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are the names of the files or directories which should be archived. The
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use of a directory name always implies that the subdirectories below
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should be included in the archive.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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.TP
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.B tar -xvf foo.tar
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verbosely extract foo.tar
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.TP
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.B tar -xzf foo.tar.gz
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extract gzipped foo.tar.gz
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.TP
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.B tar -cjf foo.tar.bz2 bar/
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create bzipped tar archive of the directory bar called foo.tar.bz2
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.TP
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.B tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 -C bar/
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extract bzipped foo.tar.bz2 after changing directory to bar
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.TP
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.B tar -xzf foo.tar.gz blah.txt
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extract the file blah.txt from foo.tar.gz
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.P
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Note: When working with archives, specifying the compression option is often
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times unnecessary as \fBtar\fR will automatically detect the compression type
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based on the suffix of the archive.
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.SH "FUNCTION LETTERS"
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.TP
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.B One of the following options must be used:
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.TP
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.BR -A ", " --catenate ", " --concatenate
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append tar files to an archive
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.TP
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.BR -c ", " --create
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create a new archive
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.TP
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.BR -d ", " --diff ", " --compare
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find differences between archive and file system
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.TP
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.BR -r ", " --append
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append files to the end of an archive
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.TP
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.BR -t ", " --list
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list the contents of an archive
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.TP
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.BR -u ", " --update
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only append files that are newer than the existing in archive
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.TP
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.BR -x ", " --extract ", " --get
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extract files from an archive
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.TP
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.BR --delete
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delete from the archive (not for use on magnetic tapes!)
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.SH "COMMON OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.BR -C ", " --directory " DIR"
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change to directory DIR
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.TP
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.BR -f ", " --file " [HOSTNAME:]FILE"
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use archive file or device FILE (default is "-", meaning stdin/stdout)
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.TP
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.BR -j ", " --bzip2
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filter archive through bzip2; use to decompress .bz2 files
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.TP
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.BR -J ", " --xz
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filter archive through xz; use to decompress .xz files
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.TP
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.BR -p ", " --preserve-permissions
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extract all protection information
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.TP
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.BR -v ", " --verbose
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verbosely list files processed
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.TP
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.BR -z ", " --gzip ", " --ungzip
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filter the archive through gzip
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.SH "ALL OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.BR -a ", " --auto-compress
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use archive suffix to determine the compression program
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.TP
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.BR --add-file " FILE"
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add specified FILE to the archive (useful if FILE starts with a dash)
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.TP
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.BR --anchored
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patterns will match the start of file names
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.TP
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.BR --atime-preserve
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don't change access times of files that are archived
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.TP
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.BR -b ", " --blocking-factor " N"
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block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20)
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.TP
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.BR -B ", " --read-full-blocks
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reblock as we read (for reading 4.2BSD pipes)
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.TP
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.BR --backup " BACKUP-TYPE"
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backup files instead of deleting them using BACKUP-TYPE simple or
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numbered
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.TP
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.BR --block-compress
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block the output of compression program for tapes
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.TP
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.BR -C ", " --directory " DIR"
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change to directory DIR
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.TP
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.BR --checkpoint
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print directory names while reading the archive
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.TP
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.BR --delay-directory-restore
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delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories
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until the end of extraction
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.TP
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.BR --exclude " PATTERN"
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exclude files based upon PATTERN
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.TP
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.BR --exclude-caches
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exclude directories that contain a cache directory tag
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.TP
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.BR --exclude-tag " FILE"
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exclude directories that contain a file named FILE
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.TP
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.BR -f ", " --file " [HOSTNAME:]FILE"
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use archive file or device FILE (default "-", meaning stdin/stdout)
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.TP
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.BR -F ", " --info-script " FILE, " --new-volume-script " FILE"
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run script at end of each tape (implies \fI--multi-volume\fR)
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.TP
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.BR --force-local
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archive file is local even if its name contains a colon
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.TP
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.BR --format " FORMAT"
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selects the format of the created archive
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.nf
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\fIv7\fR - Unix V7
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\fIoldgnu\fR - GNU tar <=1.12
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\fIgnu\fR - GNU tar 1.13
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\fIustar\fR - POSIX.1-1988
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\fIposix\fR - POSIX.1-2001
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.fi
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.TP
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.BR -g ", " --listed-incremental " SNAPSHOT"
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create/list/extract new GNU-format incremental backup
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.TP
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.BR --group " GROUP"
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give files added to the archive a group id of GROUP instead of the group id
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of the source file; this option does not affect extraction
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.TP
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.BR -G ", " --incremental
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create/list/extract old GNU-format incremental backup
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.TP
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.BR -h ", " --dereference
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don't archive symlinks; archive the files they point to
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.TP
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.BR --help
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like this manpage, but not as cool
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.TP
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.BR -i ", " --ignore-zeros
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ignore blocks of zeros in archive (normally mean EOF)
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.TP
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.BR -I ", " --use-compress-program " PROG"
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access the archive through PROG (which is generally a compression program;
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it must accept the \fI-d\fR option)
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.TP
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.BR --ignore-case
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ignore case when excluding files
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.TP
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.BR --ignore-command-error
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ignore exit codes of subprocesses
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.TP
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.BR --ignore-failed-read
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don't exit with non-zero status on unreadable files
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.TP
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.BR --index-file " FILE"
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send verbose output to FILE instead of stdout
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.TP
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.BR -j ", " --bzip2
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filter archive through bzip2, use to decompress .bz2 files
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.TP
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.BR -J ", " --xz
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filter archive through xz; use to decompress .xz files
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.TP
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.BR -k ", " --keep-old-files
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keep existing files; don't overwrite them from archive
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.TP
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.BR -K ", " --starting-file " FILE"
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begin at file FILE in the archive
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.TP
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.BR --keep-newer-files
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do not overwrite files which are newer than the archive
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.TP
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.BR -l ", " --check-links
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warn if number of hard links to the file on the filesystem mismatchs
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the number of links recorded in the archive
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.TP
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.BR -L ", " --tape-length " N"
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change tapes after writing N*1024 bytes
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.TP
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.BR -m ", " --touch ", " --modification-time
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don't extract file modified time
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.TP
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.BR -M ", " --multi-volume
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create/list/extract multi-volume archive
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.TP
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.BR --mode " PERMISSIONS"
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apply PERMISSIONS while adding files (see \fBchmod\fR(1))
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.TP
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.BR --mtime " DATE"
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when creating archives, use DATE as the modification time of the members,
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instead of their actual modification times
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.TP
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.BR -N ", " --after-date " DATE, " --newer " DATE"
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only store files that were modified or had status updates (permissions,
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ACLs, extended attributes, ...) since DATE
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.TP
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.BR --newer-mtime " DATE"
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like \fI--newer\fR, but only store files that were modified since DATE
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.TP
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.BR --no-anchored
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match any subsequenceof the name's components with \fI--exclude\fR
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.TP
|
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.BR --no-auto-compress
|
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do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program
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.TP
|
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.BR --no-delay-directory-restore
|
|
modification times and permissions of extracted directories are set when
|
|
all files from this directory have been extracted; this is the default
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-ignore-command-error
|
|
print warnings about subprocesses that terminated with a non-zero exit code
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-ignore-case
|
|
use case-sensitive matching with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-overwrite-dir
|
|
preserve metadata of existing directories when extracting files from an
|
|
archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-quote-chars " STRING"
|
|
remove characters listed in STRING from the list of quoted characters
|
|
set by a previous \fI--quote-chars\fR option
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-recursion
|
|
don't recurse into directories
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-same-permissions
|
|
apply user's umask when extracting files instead of recorded permissions
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-unquote
|
|
treat all input file or member names literally, do not interpret
|
|
escape sequences
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-wildcards
|
|
don't use wildcards with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --no-wildcards-match-slash
|
|
wildcards do not match slashes (/) with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --null
|
|
\fI--files-from\fR reads null-terminated names, disable \fI--directory\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --numeric-owner
|
|
always use numbers for user/group names
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -o ", " --old-archive ", " --portability
|
|
like \fI--format=v7\fR; \fI-o\fR exhibits this behavior when creating an
|
|
archive (deprecated behavior)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -o ", " --no-same-owner
|
|
do not attempt to restore ownership when extracting; \fI-o\fR exhibits
|
|
this behavior when extracting an archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -O ", " --to-stdout
|
|
extract files to standard output
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --occurrence " NUM"
|
|
process only NUM occurrences of each named file; used with
|
|
\fI--delete\fR, \fI--diff\fR, \fI--extract\fR, or \fI--list\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --one-file-system
|
|
stay in local file system when creating an archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --overwrite
|
|
overwrite existing files and directory metadata when extracting
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --overwrite-dir
|
|
overwrite directory metadata when extracting
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --owner " USER"
|
|
give files added to the archive a user id of USER instead of the user id
|
|
of the source file; this option does not affect extraction
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -p ", " --preserve-permissions ", " --same-permissions
|
|
extract all protection information
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -P ", " --absolute-names
|
|
don't strip leading `/'s from file names
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --pax-option " KEYWORD-LIST"
|
|
used only with POSIX.1-2001 archives to modify the way \fBtar\fR handles
|
|
extended header keywords
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --posix
|
|
like \fI--format=posix\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --preserve
|
|
like \fI--preserve-permissions\fR plus \fI--same-order\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --quote-chars " STRING"
|
|
always quote the characters from STRING, even if the selected quoting
|
|
style would not quote them
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --quote-style " STYLE"
|
|
set the quoting style to be used when printing member and file names
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -R ", " --record-number
|
|
show record number within archive with each message
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --record-size " SIZE"
|
|
use SIZE bytes per record when accessing archives
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --recursion
|
|
recurse into directories
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --recursive-unlink
|
|
remove existing directories before extracting directories of the same name
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --remove-files
|
|
remove files after adding them to the archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --restrict
|
|
disable the use of some potentially harmful options; currently this
|
|
disables shell invocation from the multi-volume menu
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --rmt-command " CMD"
|
|
use CMD instead of the default /usr/sbin/rmt
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --rsh-command " CMD"
|
|
use remote CMD instead of \fBrsh\fR(1)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -s ", " --same-order ", " --preserve-order
|
|
list of names to extract is sorted to match archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -S ", " --sparse
|
|
handle sparse files efficiently
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --same-owner
|
|
create extracted files with the same ownership
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --show-defaults
|
|
display the default options used by \fBtar\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --show-omitted-dirs
|
|
print directories \fBtar\fR skips while operating on an archive
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --show-transformed-names ", " --show-stored-names
|
|
display file or member names after applying any \fBsed\fR transformations
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --strip-components " NUMBER"
|
|
strip NUMBER of leading path components from file names before extraction
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --suffix " SUFFIX"
|
|
use SUFFIX instead of default '~' when backing up files
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -T ", " --files-from " FILE"
|
|
get names to extract or create from file FILE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --test-label
|
|
read the volume label; if an argument is specified, test whether it
|
|
matches the volume label
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --to-command " COMMAND"
|
|
during extraction, pipe extracted files to the standard input of COMMAND
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --totals
|
|
print total bytes written with --create
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --transform " EXPRESSION"
|
|
transform file or member names using the \fBsed\fR replacement expression
|
|
EXPRESSION
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -U ", " --unlink-first
|
|
remove existing files before extracting files of the same name
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --unquote
|
|
enable unquoting input file or member names; this is the default
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --utc
|
|
display file modification dates in UTC
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -v ", " --verbose
|
|
verbosely list files processed
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -V ", " --label " NAME"
|
|
create archive with volume name NAME
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --version
|
|
print \fBtar\fR program version number
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --volno-file " FILE"
|
|
keep track of which volume of a multi-volume archive its working in
|
|
FILE; used with \fI--multi-volume\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -w ", " --interactive ", " --confirmation
|
|
ask for confirmation for every action
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -W ", " --verify
|
|
attempt to verify the archive after writing it
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --wildcards
|
|
use wildcards with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR --wildcards-match-slash
|
|
wildcards match slashes (/) with \fI--exclude\fR
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -X ", " --exclude-from " FILE"
|
|
exclude files listed in FILE
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -z ", " --gzip ", " --gunzip ", " --ungzip
|
|
filter the archive through gzip
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -Z ", " --compress ", " --uncompress
|
|
filter the archive through compress
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BR -[0-7][lmh]
|
|
specify drive and density
|
|
.SH BUGS
|
|
The GNU folks, in general, abhor man pages and create info documents instead.
|
|
The maintainer of \fBtar\fR falls into this category. Thus, this man page may
|
|
not be complete nor current, and it is included in the Gentoo portage tree
|
|
because man is a great tool :). This man page was first taken from Debian
|
|
Linux and has since been lovingly updated here.
|
|
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
|
|
Please report bugs via http://bugs.gentoo.org/
|
|
.SH "AUTHORS"
|
|
.nf
|
|
Debian Linux http://www.debian.org/
|
|
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
|
|
.fi
|